Tovinkere - Detecting Semantic events in Soccer Games - Towards A Complate Solution

Reference: Tovinkere, V. and R.J. Qian. Detecting Semantic Events in Soccer Games: Towards a Complete Solution. in IEEE International Conference of Multimedia and Expo 2001 (OCME 2001).

Objective: This paper is putting forward their knowledge and rule based method to detect soccer events!

Methodology: From what I've read, the authors are going down to the tee on detecting soccer events via encoding the domain knowledge of soccer using XML, and then using player and ball tracking (along with physics related information e.g. ball bounce angle) to be used in a rule based system. (Authors claim that other methods [such as Machine Learning perhaps?] can also be used besides rules...)

1. Firstly, after understanding the LAWS OF SOCCER, SOCCER GAME FLOW and IDENTIFYING ALL POSSIBLE SOCCER EVENTS, authors conceptually model the domain knowledge of soccer using a hierarchical Entity Relationship model.

2. This model is then translated to XML (why don't they model in XML straight away ek?)

3. Then takes the inputs below to detect events:
* Domain Knowledge (the XML)
* Player and Ball tracking information


PHASE 1 of DETECTION
- Compute the derived information from player motion and orientation to identify all sections of tracking data containing player-ball interactions
- Player-ball interactions are determined by getting rid of deflections that involve bouncing off ground or goal post


PHASE 2 of DETECTION
- Determines which rules (from Domain Knowledge) will be used
- These rules evaluate game situation and execute relevant rules
- The appropriate segments are then marked as VALID or INVALID events, depending on what the evaluation goes :)


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Main soccer events are detected by firstly detection BASIC ACTIONS.

These BASIC ACTIONS are then used in combination (i.e. how they are represented in the XML schema) to detect the more COMPLEX EVENTS :)

e.g. Deflection (BASIC) is evaluated... according to XML (domain knowledge)... and in the end a Save (COMPLEX) event is detected.